Geometry tuning of fin based transistor

ABSTRACT

A trench is formed in an insulating layer to expose a native fin on a substrate. A replacement fin is deposited on the native fin in the trench. The replacement fin is trimmed laterally.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments as described herein relate to the field of electronicsystems manufacturing, and in particular, to manufacturing fin-basedelectronic devices.

BACKGROUND ART

Generally, in a fin-based transistor, the channel is surrounded byseveral gates on multiple surfaces that increase electrical control overthe channel. This provides better suppression of “off-state” leakagecurrent and increases the drive current in the “on” state comparing toconventional planar transistors that translate to lower powerconsumption and enhanced device performance.

In modern integrated circuits silicon is typically used to buildtransistors. Silicon, however, has some limitations that may affect thedevice performance. For example, the mobilities of electrons and holesin silicon have limitations that present a barrier to increasing thedevice performance. Additionally, the electrical characteristics ofsilicon transistors degrade as temperature increases.

One possible method, to increase the electron mobility for an n-typemetal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistor is to employ a group III-Velement compound material grown on silicon to replace a silicon channel.To increase the hole mobility for a p-type MOS transistor methods mayinclude employing a germanium (Ge) or a silicon germanium (SiGe)material grown on silicon to replace a silicon channel.

Differences in atomic lattice constants and thermal expansioncoefficients between the replacement material and silicon, however,cause detrimental defects to form when the replacement material is grownon silicon. Conventional techniques of depositing the replacementmaterial on silicon lead to worse electrostatics as measured by highsubthreshold swing and source to drain leakage current while in the offstate.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a portion of an electronic devicestructure according to one embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1, after the portions of the patternedhard mask layer are removed according to one embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 after trenches are formed insubstrate according to one embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 after an insulating layer isdeposited into the trenches on the substrate and planarized according toone embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 after the native fins are recessedaccording to one embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 5, after a replacement fin layer isdeposited on the recessed native fins in the trenches according to oneembodiment.

FIG. 7 is a view showing example images of high quality SiGe finsdeposited on non-faceted and non ion-damaged silicon bottom fin surfacesaccording to one embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a view showing a portion of the electronic device structuredepicted in FIG. 6 after removing the non-planar portions of thereplacement fin layer according to one embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 8 after the insulating layer isrecessed to expose sidewalls of the replacement fins according to oneembodiment.

FIG. 10A is a view similar to FIG. 9 after the replacement fins aretrimmed in the lateral dimension to form trimmed fins according to oneembodiment.

FIG. 10B is a perspective view of the electronic device structureincluding a portion that is similar to a portion of the electronicdevice structure depicted in FIG. 10A, after depositing a gate electrodeand forming source/drain regions according to one embodiment.

FIG. 10C is a view showing an example of a portion of the fin structurealong an axis A-A′ shown in FIG. 10B after trimming that is performedbefore a gate formation according to one embodiment.

FIG. 10D is a view 1030 showing an example of the trimmed fin structurealong an axis A-A′ shown in FIG. 10B when the trimming is performedafter a sacrificial gate processing in a gate-last flow according toanother embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a view showing the electronic device structure that issimilar to a portion of the electronic device structure depicted in FIG.4, after recessing a set of native fins and depositing replacement finson the set of recessed native fins according to one embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a view similar to FIG. 11 after removing the non-planarportions of the replacement fin layer and recessing the insulating layeraccording to one embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a view similar to FIG. 12 after a protection layer isdeposited on a set of the original native fins according to oneembodiment.

FIG. 14 is a view similar to FIG. 13, after a set of the replacementfins are trimmed in the lateral dimension to form a set of trimmed finsaccording to one embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the electronic device structureincluding a portion that is similar to the electronic device structuredepicted in FIG. 14, after depositing a gate electrode, and formingsource/drain regions according to one embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the electronic device structureincluding a portion that is similar to the electronic device structuredepicted in FIG. 11, after removing the non-planar portions of thereplacement fin layer according to one embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a view similar to FIG. 16, after other set of native fins arerecessed and a replacement fin layer is deposited onto the recessednative fins according to one embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a view similar to FIG. 17, after trimming the replacementfins in the lateral dimension, depositing a gate electrode, and formingsource/drain regions according to one embodiment.

FIG. 19 illustrates an interposer according to one embodiment.

FIG. 20 illustrates a computing device in accordance with oneembodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Methods and apparatuses to provide geometry tuning of a fin-basedtransistor are described. A trench is formed in an insulating layer toexpose a native fin on a substrate. A replacement fin is deposited onthe native fin in the trench. The replacement fin trimmed laterallyusing a first chemistry.

In one embodiment, co-integration of group III-V element compoundmaterials for a n-MOS channel and Ge/SiGe materials for a p-MOS channelis considered as replacement for silicon complementary metal oxidesemiconductor (CMOS) channels. The hole mobility in a SiGe FinFET can befurther increased by introducing compressive stress by growing the SiGechannel epitaxially on top of silicon in shallow trench isolation (STI)structures on a (001) silicon wafer. The SiGe fin width can be equal ornarrower than 10 nanometers (nm).

In one embodiment, forming replacement fins involves etching trenchesinto a substrate to form native fins, filling the trenches adjacent tothe native fins with an insulating material and etching out the nativefins to leave fin-shaped regions that can be filled. Typically, the finsformed by etching the trenches into the substrate are so-called nativebecause they are composed of native substrate material. A replacementmaterial (e.g., a III-V, Ge, SiGe) layer that fills the trenches exertsa lateral force on the surrounding STI material that results in thereplacement fin being wider than the original trench width. Thefattening of the replacement fin may be increased by trench cleans oretches that consume the STI material surrounding the fin-shaped opening.In one embodiment, anisotropic wet or dry etch chemistries are used totrim the replacement fin laterally so that the replacement fin is equalin width or narrower than the underlying silicon fin. In one embodiment,an etching process (e.g., wet etch, dry etch, or both) is optimized toetch replacement channel fill fins laterally to provide a desired finwidth that is equal to or narrower than the width of the underlyingsilicon fin. This is particularly useful for non-planar fin basedtransistors (e.g., tri-gate, all around gate, or other non-planartransistors) having the diffusion lines defined by the fins that aremuch narrower than the equivalent process nodes for planar transistors.In one embodiment, the native fin width that defines the width of thefin based transistors described herein is less than 30 nm. In oneembodiment, the replacement fin is substantially defect-freeas-deposited. In this case, the shape of the deposition has no trappingeffect on crystalline defects because the replacement films may be freeof such dislocation defects.

In the following description, various aspects of the illustrativeimplementations will be described using terms commonly employed by thoseskilled in the art to convey the substance of their work to othersskilled in the art. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in theart that the present invention may be practiced with only some of thedescribed aspects. For purposes of explanation, specific numbers,materials and configurations are set forth in order to provide athorough understanding of the illustrative implementations. However, itwill be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present inventionmay be practiced without specific details. In other instances,well-known features are omitted or simplified in order not to obscurethe illustrative implementations.

Various operations will be described as multiple discrete operations, inturn, in a manner that is most helpful in understanding the presentinvention; however, the order of description should not be construed toimply that these operations are necessarily order dependent. Inparticular, these operations need not be performed in the order ofpresentation.

While certain example embodiments are described and shown in theaccompanying drawings, it is to be understood that such embodiments aremerely illustrative and not restrictive, and that the embodiments arenot restricted to the specific constructions and arrangements shown anddescribed because modifications may occur to those ordinarily skilled inthe art.

Reference throughout the specification to “one embodiment”, “anotherembodiment”, or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature,structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodimentis included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearance of thephrases, such as “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” in various placesthroughout the specification are not necessarily all referring to thesame embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, orcharacteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or moreembodiments.

Moreover, inventive aspects lie in less than all the features of asingle disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the DetailedDescription are hereby expressly incorporated into this DetailedDescription, with each claim standing on its own as a separateembodiment. While the example embodiments have been described herein,those skilled in the art will recognize that these example embodimentscan be practiced with modification and alteration as described herein.The description is thus to be regarded as illustrative rather thanlimiting.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view 100 of a portion of an electronic devicestructure according to one embodiment. The electronic device structurecomprises a substrate 101. In an embodiment, the substrate 101 includesa semiconductor material, e.g., monocrystalline silicon (“Si”),germanium (“Ge”), silicon germanium (“SiGe”), a III-V materials basedmaterial e.g., indium-gallium arsenide (“InGaAs”), or any combinationthereof.

In an embodiment, the substrate 101 is a substrate having aligned alonga predetermined crystal orientation. Generally, the crystallographicorientations (e.g., (100), (111), (110), and other crystallographicorientations) are known to one of ordinary skill in the art ofmicroelectronic device manufacturing.

In an embodiment, substrate 101 is a semiconductor-on-isolator (SOI)substrate including a bulk lower substrate, a middle insulation layer,and a top monocrystalline layer aligned along a predetermined crystalorientation, for example, <100> crystal orientation. The topmonocrystalline layer may comprise any material listed above, e.g.,silicon. In an embodiment, substrate 101 is a silicon substrate.

A hard mask layer 102 is deposited on the substrate 101, as shown inFIG. 1. In one embodiment, the hard mask layer can be deposited andpatterned using one of hard mask deposition and patterning techniquesknown to one of ordinary skill in the art of microelectronic devicemanufacturing. In at least some embodiments, hard mask layer 102comprises an aluminum oxide (e.g., Al₂O₃); polysilicon, amorphoussilicon, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon carbide or stacksof multiple layers, or other hard mask layers. In alternativeembodiments, hard mask layer 102 is an oxide hard mask, a nitride hardmask, a silicon carbide hard mask, or any other hard mask known to oneof ordinary skill in the art of microelectronic device manufacturing.

FIG. 2 is a view 200 similar to FIG. 1, after the portions of thepatterned hard mask layer 102 are removed to expose portions ofsubstrate 101 according to one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, theportions of the patterned hard mask layer 102 are removed to exposeportions 201 of the substrate 101. In one embodiment, the portions ofthe patterned hard mask layer 102 are removed using one or more etchingtechniques known to one of ordinary skill in the art of microelectronicdevice manufacturing. The patterned hard mask has a plurality of hardmask features, e.g., a hard mask feature 103 and a hard mask feature104. In one embodiment, hard mask features 103 and 104 are stripes thatextend along the top surface of the substrate 101 and are separated fromone another by a distance. In other embodiments, mask features 103 and104 have other shapes determined by design. FIG. 3 is a view 300 similarto FIG. 2 after trenches are formed in substrate 101 according to oneembodiment. A plurality of trenches, such as a trench 108 and a trench109 are formed on substrate 101 through the patterned hard mask layer102 to define native fins, such as a native fin 105 and a native fin106. These fins are so-called native because they are composed of nativesubstrate material. In one embodiment, trench 108 and trench 109 areshallow trench recesses. In one embodiment, forming the trenches 108 and109 involves etching the portions of the substrate 101 exposed by thepatterned hard mask features 103 and 104 substantially along a verticalaxis 301. Vertical axis 301 is substantially orthogonal to a top planeof substrate 101, as shown in FIG. 3. The portions of the substrate 101underneath the hard mask features are left substantially intact byetching so that native fins, such as a native fin 105 and a native fin106 are formed. As shown in FIG. 3, each of the native fins 105 and 106extends from the top surface of the substrate 101 along vertical axis301. In at least some embodiments, each of the native fins 105 and 106is a silicon fin, or any other material fin.

In at least some embodiments, the portions of the substrate 101 exposedby the patterned hard mask features are removed using one or moreetching techniques known to one of ordinary skill in the art ofmicroelectronic device manufacturing, such as but not limited to dryetching. In at least some embodiments, the portions of the substrate 101exposed by the patterned hard mask features are removed using ananisotropic etching technique known to one of ordinary skill in the artof microelectronic device manufacturing.

FIG. 4 is a view 400 similar to FIG. 3 after an insulating layer 111 isdeposited into the trenches on the substrate and planarized according toone embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4, insulating layer 111 is deposited onthe sidewalls of the native fins 105 and 106 and on the exposed portionsof the substrate 101 filling the trenches 108 and 109. As shown in FIG.4, the insulating layer 111 and the patterned hard mask features 103 and104 are removed from the top portions of the native fins 105 and 106. Inone embodiment, the insulating layer and the patterned hard maskfeatures are removed using a polishing process, e.g., achemical-mechanical planarization (“CMP”) process known to one ofordinary skill in the art of microelectronic device manufacturing.

The insulating layer 111 can be any material suitable to electricallyinsulate adjacent devices and prevent leakage. In one embodiment,insulating layer 111 is a shallow trench isolation (STI) layer toprovide field isolation regions that isolate one device from otherdevices on substrate 101. In one embodiment, insulating layer 111 is anoxide layer, e.g., a silicon oxide, an aluminum oxide layer, a nitridelayer, e.g., a silicon nitride, a silicon oxide nitride, otheroxide/nitride layer, any other electrically insulating layer determinedby an electronic device design, or any combination thereof. In oneembodiment, insulating layer 111 comprises an interlayer dielectric(ILD), e.g., silicon dioxide. In one embodiment, insulating layer 111may include polyimide, epoxy, photodefinable materials, such asbenzocyclobutene (BCB), and WPR-series materials, or spin-on-glass. Inone embodiment, insulating layer 111 is a low permittivity (low-k) ILDlayer. Typically, low-k is referred to the dielectrics having dielectricconstant (k) lower than that of silicon dioxide.

In one embodiment, insulating layer 111 is blanket deposited using oneor more deposition techniques, such as but not limited to a chemicalvapor deposition (CVD), a physical vapor deposition (PVD), molecularbeam epitaxy (“MBE”), metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (“MOCVD”),atomic layer deposition (“ALD”), or other insulating layer depositiontechnique known to one of ordinary skill in the art of microelectronicdevice manufacturing.

FIG. 5 is a view 500 similar to FIG. 4 after the native fins arerecessed according to one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, native fins105 and 106 are recessed to a predetermined depth 502 to form recessedfins 115 and 114 within openings 112 and 113. The remainder of thenative fin height 501 is a passive element in the device. The depth 502is the native fin removal depth that defines the height of thereplacement material deposited thereon later in a process. In onenon-limiting embodiment, depth 502 is from about 20 nm to about 80 nm,or any other height. As shown in FIG. 5, the shape of the openings 112and 113 is defined by the shape of the native fins 105 and 106respectively. In one embodiment, the openings 112 are and 113 are slotshaving the length substantially greater than the width.

As shown in FIG. 5, the top portions of the recessed native fins 115 and114 act as bottom portions of the openings 112 and 113. The native fins105 and 106 are recessed to provide a non-ion damaged interface with areplacement fin deposited thereon later on in a process.

In one embodiment, the native fins 104 and 105 are etched outselectively to insulating layer 111 for a predetermined time using oneor more etching techniques known to one of ordinary skill in the art ofmicroelectronic device manufacturing, such as but not limited to a wetetching, a dry etching, or any combination thereof.

FIG. 6 is a view 600 similar to FIG. 5, after a replacement fin layer isdeposited on the recessed native fins in the trenches according to oneembodiment. As shown in FIG. 6, the replacement fin layer comprises oneor more replacement fins, such as replacement fins 116 and 117 that areselectively deposited on the recessed native fins, such as recessednative fins 114 and 115 respectively. The replacement fins 116 and 117are grown from the top of the recessed fins 114 and 115 substantiallyvertically and not deposited on the sidewalls of the trenches 112 and113 as seen in FIG. 5. In one embodiment, more than 99.9% of depositionof the replacement fins occurs on the recessed native fins rather thanon the sidewalls of the trenches. In one embodiment, the replacementfins 116 and 117 are single crystal fins.

In one embodiment, the replacement fins are selectively deposited on therecessed native fins using one of epitaxial growth techniques, such asbut not limited to a chemical vapour deposition (CVD), e.g., a rapidthermal CVD, a physical vapor deposition (PVD), molecular beam epitaxy(“MBE”), metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (“MOCVD”), atomic layerdeposition (“ALD”), or other monocrystalline deposition technique knownto one of ordinary skill in the art of microelectronic devicemanufacturing.

In one embodiment, a material of the replacement fins is different froma material of the native fins. In one embodiment, each of thereplacement fins is a single crystal fin. In one embodiment, each of thereplacement fins is a germanium (Ge) fin, a silicon germanium (SiGe)fin, a germanium tin fin, or any combination thereof. In anotherembodiment, each of the replacement fins is a III-V material fin.

Generally, the III-V material refers to a compound semiconductormaterial that comprises at least one of group III elements of theperiodic table, e.g., aluminum (“Al”), gallium (“Ga”), or indium (“In”),and at least one of group V elements of the periodic table, e.g.,nitrogen (“N”), phosphorus (“P”), arsenic (“As”), or antimony (“Sb”). Inone embodiment, an interface 605 between the replacement fin and thenative fin is substantially flat and has a non-faceted morphology.

As shown in FIG. 6, a width 118 of the replacement fin is greater than awidth 119 of the recessed native fin so that a step 121 is formed atinterface 605. That is, as the replacement material grows on the nativefins, the replacement material pushes the surrounding insulatingmaterial out of the way, so that the replacement fin becomes fatter thanthe native fin, as shown in FIG. 6. As shown in FIG. 6, the epitaxialreplacement fin films grown on the recessed native fins fills theopenings 113 and 112 in the insulating layer 111 and slightly extendsabove the top surface of the insulating layer 111 so that non-planarportions 603 and 604 of the replacement fin layer are formed.

FIG. 7 is a view 700 showing example images 701 and 702 of high qualitySiGe fins 704 and 714 deposited on non-faceted and non ion-damagedsilicon bottom fin surfaces 703 and 713 respectively according to oneembodiment. As shown in image 701, a width 705 of the SiGe fin 704 isgreater than a width 706 of the silicon fin 703 on which the SiGe fin isdeposited. As shown in image 701, the SiGe fin 704 deposited in thetrench in an insulating layer 717 replaces an upper portion 715 of thenative silicon fin 703, whose shape is indicated by a dotted line. Asshown in image 702, the SiGe fin 714 deposited in the trench in aninsulating layer 717 replaces an upper portion of the native silicon fin713, whose shape is indicated by a dotted line. In one embodiment, thewidth of the upper portion of the native silicon fin that defines thewidth of the trench in the insulating layer surrounding the fin beforethe replacement material is deposited is at least 5 nm. In oneembodiment, widening of the replacement fin is about 3 nm per side nearthe top of the trench so that the width 705 of the SiGe fin is at leastabout 11 nm. In one embodiment, the replacement SiGe fin is trimmed downto the width of less than 10 nm, as described in further detail below.As shown in image 702, the height of the SiGe fin 714 is about 775angstroms (Å), and the width of the SiGe fin 714 is about 285 angstroms(Å) that is greater than a width 712 of the bottom silicon fin 716. Inone embodiment, the extent to which the replacement fin is wider thanthe native fin varies based on the surrounding insulating material 111and process conditions.

FIG. 8 is a view 800 showing a portion 602 of the electronic devicestructure depicted in FIG. 6 after removing the non-planar portions 603and 604 of the replacement fin layer according to one embodiment. Asshown in FIG. 8, the non-planar portions 603 and 604 are removed to evenout the top surfaces of the replacement fins with the top surface of theinsulating layer 111. In one embodiment, the non-planar portions of thereplacement fin layer are removed using a polishing process, e.g., achemical-mechanical planarization (“CMP”) process known to one ofordinary skill in the art of microelectronic device manufacturing.

In one embodiment, after performing the shallow trench recess (STR)processing to form base silicon fins, filling the STR trenches with aninsulating layer, planarizing the insulating layer, and etching back thesilicon native fins, a silicon-germanium (SiGe) alloy of arbitrarycomposition, germanium, germanium-tin alloy or III-V material ofarbitrary composition is deposited on the recessed silicon native fins.In this case, the silicon diffusion region of the silicon native finsmerely acts as a template or placeholder to facilitate the STRprocessing. For long and narrow lines (e.g., for fins having height towidth ratio of at least 3:1 and the width less than 30 nm), replacementfilms grow epitaxially with much lower crystalline defect densities thanpossible with a large area planar growth. The epitaxial replacement finfilm growth on the recessed fins proceeds to fill the openings in theinsulating layer 111 and slightly higher. In one embodiment,post-film-growth polish processing is used to trim the replacement finfilm flat with the surrounding trench insulator material.

FIG. 9 is a view 900 similar to FIG. 8 after the insulating layer 111 isrecessed to expose sidewalls of the replacement fins 116 and 117according to one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 9, the insulating layer111 is recessed down to expose sidewalls 901 and 902 of the replacementfin 117. In one embodiment, the insulating layer 111 is recessed down toa predetermined depth such that the replacement fins exude above theinsulating layer surface. In one embodiment, the insulating layer 111 isrecessed down to level with the bottom of the replacement fin. In anembodiment, the insulating layer 111 is recessed using one of etchingtechniques known to one of ordinary skill in the art of microelectronicdevice manufacturing, such as but not limited to a wet etching, a dryetching, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, insulating layer111 of silicon oxide is etched using wet chemistry such as ahydrofluoric acid (“HF”) solution or dry chemistry such as a halogenplasma etch.

Generally, the width of the replacement fin, such as width 118 defines atransistor channel. The narrower the replacement fin, the better thetransistor characteristics, e.g., the ability to shut off the transistorwhen the gate voltage is withdrawn. Narrowing the replacement finreduces the parasitic leakage current between the source and drain ofthe transistor when the gate voltage is withdrawn.

In one embodiment, the replacement fin is trimmed laterally along alateral axis 905 extending substantially parallel to the width of thereplacement fin, so that portions of the replacement fin are removed offthe opposing sidewalls 901 and 902. In one embodiment, the width 118 ofthe replacement fin is adjusted based on the width 115 of the nativefin.

In one embodiment, the replacement fin is trimmed laterally using a wetetch, a dry etch, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, thereplacement fin is trimmed laterally using an isotropic etch. In oneembodiment, the wet etch to trim the lateral dimension of thereplacement fin includes dilute ammonium hydroxide with or withoutperoxide or ozone. In one embodiment, the replacement fin is trimmedlaterally using a wet etch chemistry comprising at least an ammoniumhydroxide and water, wherein a ratio of water to the ammonium hydroxideis at least 100:1. In one embodiment, the replacement fin is trimmedlaterally using a dry etch with a chemistry comprising fluorine,chlorine, bromine, or any combination thereof with a source power lessthan 2000 W. In one embodiment, the replacement fin is trimmed laterallyusing a remote plasma source.

In one embodiment, the replacement fin of at least one of Si or SiGe istrimmed laterally using a wet etch chemistry comprising a diluteammonium hydroxide having a water to ammonium hydroxide ratio of about100:1 for about 60 seconds. In another embodiment, the replacement finof at least one of Si or SiGe is trimmed laterally using a dry etchhaving a chemistry comprising about 5 standard cubic centimeters perminute (sccm) NF3, 400 sccm Ar, at a plasma source power of about 2 kW,at a pressure of about 20 mT for about 20 seconds (sec). In yet anotherembodiment, the replacement fin of at least one of Si or SiGe is trimmedlaterally using a dry etch having a chemistry comprising about 20 sccmSF6, 400 sccm Ar, at a plasma source power of about 2 kW, at a pressureof about 200 mT for about 20 sec.

In one embodiment, the replacement fin of Ge is trimmed laterally usinga wet etch chemistry comprising dilute sulfuric acid having a water tosulfuric acid ratio of about 100:1. In another embodiment, thereplacement fin of Ge is trimmed laterally using a dry etch having achemistry comprising 5 sccm C12, 400 sccm Ar at a plasma source power ofabout 2 kW, at a pressure of about 20 mT, for about 20 sec. In yetanother embodiment, the replacement fin of Ge is trimmed laterally usinga dry etch having a chemistry comprising 20 sccm SF6, 400 sccm Ar at aplasma source power of about 2 kW, a pressure of about 200 mT for about20 sec.

In one embodiment, the replacement fin of III-V material is trimmedlaterally using a wet etch chemistry comprising a dilute ammoniumhydroxide having a water to ammonium hydroxide ratio of about 100:1 forabout 60 sec. In one embodiment, the replacement fin of indium richlayers is trimmed laterally using a wet etch chemistry comprising ahydrochloric acid (HCl) having a water to HCl ratio of about 50:1 forabout 60 sec. In another embodiment, the replacement fin of III-Vmaterial is trimmed laterally using a dry etch having a chemistrycomprising about 5 sccm NF3, 400 sccm Ar at a plasma source power ofabout 2 kW, a pressure of about 20 mT for about 20 sec. In yet anotherembodiment, the replacement fin of the III-V material is trimmedlaterally using a dry etch having a chemistry comprising about 20 sccmSF6, about 400 sccm Ar, at a plasma source power of about 2 kW, apressure of about 200 mT for about 20 sec.

FIG. 10A is a view 1000 similar to FIG. 9 after the replacement fins aretrimmed in the lateral dimension to form trimmed fins 124 and 125according to one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 10A, the replacement fin124 has a width 123, a height 1001, and a length 1002. The width 123 ofthe trimmed replacement fin 124 is smaller than or equal to the width115 of the native fin. In one embodiment, the height of the trimmedreplacement fin 124 is smaller than the height of the initialreplacement fin 117 before trimming. The loss of height of thereplacement fin can be compensated by forming the initial replacementfins 116 and 117 taller than otherwise necessary to yield the desiredend height.

In one embodiment, width 123 is in an approximate range from about 3 nmto about 30 nm. In one embodiment, the width 123 is less than about 5nm. In one embodiment, the width 123 is from about 2 nm to about 5 nm.In one embodiment, the length of the fin is greater than the width andis determined by design of the electronic device. In one embodiment, thelength of the fin is from about 50 nm to hundreds of microns. In anembodiment the fin height 1001 is in an approximate range from about 20nm to about 80 nm. As shown in FIG. 10A, the trimmed replacement fins124 and 125 are spaced apart by a distance (pitch) 1003. In oneembodiment, the pitch is from about 15 nm to about 100 nm.

FIG. 10B is a perspective view of the electronic device structure 1010including a portion 1016 that is similar to a portion of the electronicdevice structure 1004 depicted in FIG. 10A, after depositing a gateelectrode 1011 on the trimmed replacement fins 124 and 125 and formingsource/drain regions 1012, 1013, 1014 and 1015 at opposite sides of thegate structure according to one embodiment.

In one embodiment, electronic device structure 1010 is a non-planartransistor structure, and each of the trimmed replacement fins 124 and125 is configured for a non-planar transistor (e.g., a tri-gatetransistor, all around gate transistor, or other non-planar transistorstructure). In one embodiment, each of the trimmed replacement fins 124and 125 has three sides configured for a tri-gate transistor. In anotherembodiment, each of the trimmed replacement fins 124 and 125 includes ananowire of the replacement material for a nanowire transistor. In yetanother embodiment, each of the trimmed replacement fins 124 and 125includes a nanoribbon of the replacement material for a nanoribbontransistor.

In one embodiment, gate electrode 1011 is deposited on a gate dielectriclayer (not shown). In one embodiment, the gate dielectric layer isformed on all sides of the trimmed replacement fins 124 and 125. Inanother embodiment, the gate dielectric layer is formed at least one twoopposing sides of the trimmed replacement fins 124 and 125.

In one embodiment, the gate dielectric layer is deposited on the topportion and opposing sidewalls of the portion of the trimmed replacementfins 124 and 125 on which a gate electrode is formed later on in aprocess. In one embodiment, the gate dielectric layer is an oxide layer,e.g., a silicon oxide layer, an aluminum oxide, a hafnium containingoxide, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the gatedielectric layer underneath the gate electrode 1011 is a high-kdielectric material, for example, hafnium oxide, hafnium silicon oxide,hafnium zirconium oxide (HfxZryOz), lanthanum oxide (La2O3), lanthanumaluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, zirconium silicon oxide, tantalumoxide, tantalum silicate (TaSiOx), titanium oxide, barium strontiumtitanium oxide, barium titanium oxide, strontium titanium oxide, yttriumoxide, aluminum oxide (e.g., Al₂O₃), lead scandium tantalum oxide, andlead zinc niobate, or other high-k dielectric materials. In oneembodiment, the thickness of the gate dielectric layer is from about 2angstroms (Å) to about 20 Å. In an embodiment, a silicon rich transitionlayer may exist between the semiconductor layer and gate insulator.

In alternative embodiments, the gate dielectric layer is deposited usingone of deposition techniques, such as but not limited to, a chemicalvapour deposition (“CVD”), e.g., a plasma enhanced chemical vapourdeposition (“PECVD”), a physical vapour deposition (“PVD”), molecularbeam epitaxy (“MBE”), metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (“MOCVD”),atomic layer deposition (“ALD”), spin-on, or other deposition techniquesknown to one of ordinary skill in the art of microelectronic devicemanufacturing. The gate dielectric layer is patterned and etched usingone or more patterning and etching techniques known to one of ordinaryskill in the art of microelectronic device manufacturing.

In one embodiment, a dummy (sacrificial) gate electrode is deposited onthe dielectric layer on the trimmed replacement fins 124 and 125 priorto deposition of the gate electrode 1011. Typically, the dummy gateelectrode, or the dummy electrode and the underlying dummy dielectricare removed and replaced with a final gate electrode stack aftersource/drain regions are formed later in a process. Example dummy gatedielectric materials include silicon dioxide, and example dummy gateelectrode materials include polysilicon, although any suitabledummy/sacrificial gate dielectric and/or electrode materials can beused. In one embodiment, spacers (not shown) are formed on the oppositesidewalls of the dummy gate electrode stack by using one of the spacerdeposition techniques known to one of ordinary skill of microelectronicdevice manufacturing. In one embodiment, the spacers are nitride spacers(e.g., silicon nitride), oxide spacers, carbide spacers (e.g., siliconcarbide), or other spacers known to one of ordinary skill in the art ofmicroelectronic device manufacturing. In one embodiment, source/drainregions are formed on the areas of the trimmed replacement fins 124 and125 defined by the spacers at opposite sides of the dummy gateelectrode, and then the dummy gate electrode is replaced by the finalgate electrode, as known to one of ordinary skill in the art ofelectronic device manufacturing. In another embodiment, the source/drainregions are formed after the final gate electrode stack 1011 is formed.

In one embodiment, the replacement fin is trimmed laterally beforeforming a gate in a gate-first flow, as described above with respect toFIGS. 9 and 10A. FIG. 10C is a view 1020 showing an example of a portionof the fin structure along an axis A-A′ shown in FIG. 10B after trimmingthat is performed before the gate formation in a gate-first flowaccording to one embodiment. Substrate 101 and gate electrode stack 1011are not shown in the view 1020. In this embodiment, the cross sectionalshape of the fin in the channel region is nominally uniform, as shown inFIG. 10C.

In another embodiment, trimming of a portion of the replacement finlaterally is performed after the sacrificial gate processing in agate-last flow. FIG. 10 D is a view 1030 showing an example of thetrimmed fin structure along an axis A-A′ shown in FIG. 10B when thetrimming is performed after the sacrificial gate processing in agate-last flow according to another embodiment. Substrate 101 and gateelectrode stack 1011 are not shown in the view 1030. In this case, thefin width is trimmed in the replacement gate portion of the flow. Whenthe fin width is trimmed in the replacement gate portion of the flow,the side portions of the fin that are covered by the insulating material102 are prevented from being trimmed by the insulating material, so thata bulge 1031 is formed at the bottom of the fin, as shown in FIG. 10D.The portion of the trimmed replacement fin underneath gate electrode1011 between the source and drain regions defines a channel region of atransistor. The channel region can also be defined as the area of thetrimmed replacement fin surrounded by the gate electrode 1011. At timeshowever, the source/drain regions may extend slightly beneath the gateelectrode through, for example, diffusion to define a channel regionslightly smaller than the gate electrode length (Lg). In an embodiment,the channel region of the fin is intrinsic or undoped. In an embodiment,channel region of the fin is doped either by in-situ doping during layergrowth or by well implant, for example to a concentration level ofbetween 1×10¹⁶ to 1×10¹⁹ atoms/cm3. In an embodiment, when the channelregion is doped it is doped to the opposite conductivity type of thesource region and the drain region. For example, when the source anddrain regions 1011 and 1015 are n-type conductivity the channel regionof the fin 125 is doped to a p-type conductivity. For example, when thesource and drain regions 1011 and 1015 are p-type conductivity thechannel region of the fin 125 is an n-type conductivity. In this mannereach of the non-planar transistors of the electronic device structure1010 can be formed into a NMOS transistor or a PMOS transistor.

The gate electrode 1011 can be formed of any suitable gate electrodematerial. The gate electrode may comprise a metal-containing material oranother material or materials. In various embodiments, the material ormaterials of the gate electrode 1011 may be chosen to provide a desiredwork function. In an embodiment, the gate electrode 1011 can be a metalgate electrode, such as but not limited to ruthenium, tungsten,tantalum, titanium, and their nitrides. It is to be appreciated, thegate electrode need not necessarily be a single material and can be acomposite stack of thin films, such as but not limited to apolycrystalline silicon/metal electrode or a metal/polycrystallinesilicon electrode.

As shown in FIG. 10B, a source region 1014 and a drain region 1015 areformed on the trimmed replacement fin 125, and a source region 1012 anda drain region 1013 are formed on the trimmed replacement fin 124 atopposite sides of gate electrode 1011, as shown in FIG. 10B. In anembodiment, the source/drain regions have a doping concentration in anapproximate range from about 1×10¹⁹ to about 1×10²¹ atoms/cm³. In anembodiment, source region 1011 is electrically coupled to a sourcelanding pad (not shown) and the drain region 1015 is electricallycoupled to a drain landing pad (not shown). Alternatively, thesource/drain regions can be coupled to higher levels of metallization(e.g., metal 1, metal 2, metal 3, and so on) used to electricallyinterconnect various components of the integrated circuit together intofunctional circuits. The source/drain regions can be formed using one oftechniques known to one of ordinary skill in the art of electronicdevice manufacturing. In one embodiment, the source/drain regions areformed using an ion implantation technique known to one of ordinaryskill in the art of electronic device manufacturing. In anotherembodiment, forming the source/drain regions involves recessing portionsof the fin outside of the channel region (region protected by gateelectrode and spacer) and depositing a replacement material into therecesses using one or more material deposition techniques known to oneof ordinary skill in the art of electronic device manufacturing. In yetanother embodiment, the source/drain regions are cladded with anepitaxial layer.

In one embodiment, the cross sectional profile of the source/drainregion does not match that of the channel region. In another embodiment,the cross sectional profile of the source/drain region matches that ofthe channel region.

In one embodiment, a lithographic masking is used to independentlydefine p-MOS and n-MOS regions of the transistors such that any set ofreplacement materials can be used in combination, as described infurther detail below.

FIG. 11 is a view 1100 showing the electronic device structure that issimilar to a portion 401 of the electronic device structure depicted inFIG. 4, after recessing a set of native fins including native fin 105 toform trenches, such as a trench 1117 and depositing replacement fins onthe set of recessed native fins according to one embodiment. As shown inFIG. 11, native fin 105 is recessed to form a recessed fin 1112 intrench 1117, while other set of native fins including native fin 106 areprotected from recessing by a protection layer 1111. A replacement finlayer 1113 is deposited on the recessed native fins in the trenches, asdescribed above. Replacement fin layer 1113 represents one of thereplacement fin layers described above. The protection layer 1111 isused to protect the set of native fins including native fin 106 whilethe trench 1115 is formed and replacement fin layer 1113 is deposited.

In one embodiment, protection layer 1111 is one of the hard mask layersdescribed above with respect to hard mask layer 102. In one embodiment,the protection layer 1111 is deposited and patterned using one of theprotection layer deposition and patterning techniques known to one ofordinary skill in the art of microelectronic device manufacturing.

As shown in FIG. 11, a width 1114 of the replacement fin is greater thana width 1115 of the recessed native fin 1112 so that a step 1116 isformed at the interface between the replacement fin and the recessednative fin, as described above with respect to FIG. 6.

FIG. 12 is a view 1200 similar to FIG. 11 after removing the non-planarportions of the replacement fin layer and recessing the insulating layer111 to expose sidewalls of the replacement fins, such as replacement fin1113 and sidewalls of the original (non-recessed) native fin, such asnative fin 106 according to one embodiment. In one embodiment, thenon-planar portions of the replacement fin layer 1113 are removed toeven out the top surfaces of the replacement fin and the original nativefin with the top surface of the insulating layer 111, as described abovewith respect to FIG. 8.

As shown in FIG. 12, the insulating layer 111 is recessed down to apredetermined depth 120 so that the replacement fin and original nativefins exude above the insulating layer surface. In one embodiment, theinsulating layer 111 is recessed down to level with the bottom of thereplacement fin 1113. In an embodiment, the insulating layer 111 isrecessed using one of etching techniques known to one of ordinary skillin the art of microelectronic device manufacturing, such as but notlimited to a wet etching, a dry etching, or any combination thereof, asdescribed above with respect to FIG. 9.

FIG. 13 is a view 1300 similar to FIG. 12 after a protection layer 1301is deposited on a set of the original native fins, such as native fin106 according to one embodiment. In one embodiment, protection layer1301 is a hard mask layer. In one embodiment, protection layer 1301 isone of the hard mask layers described above with respect to hard masklayer 102. In one embodiment, the protection layer 1301 is deposited andpatterned using one of the protection layer depositions and patterningtechniques known to one of ordinary skill in the art of microelectronicdevice manufacturing.

After the protection layer 1301 is deposited on the original nativefins, the replacement fins are trimmed along a lateral axis 1303 that issubstantially parallel to the width 1114 of the replacement fin, so thatportions of the replacement fin are removed off the opposing sidewalls1302 of the replacement fin 1113. As shown in FIG. 13, the replacementfin 1113 is trimmed while the original native fin 106 is not affected bytrimming. In one embodiment, width 1114 of the replacement fin 1113 isadjusted based on the width 1115 of the underlying native fin 1112. Inone embodiment, the replacement fin is trimmed laterally using one ofthe etching techniques, as described above with respect to FIG. 9.

FIG. 14 is a view 1400 similar to FIG. 13, after a set of thereplacement fins are trimmed in the lateral dimension to form a set oftrimmed fins according to one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 14 originalnative fin 106 is not affected by trimming. As shown in FIG. 14, aftertrimming a width 1402 of the trimmed replacement fin 1401 is smallerthan or equal to the width 115 of the recessed native fin 1112, asdescribed above with respect to FIG. 10A. As shown in FIG. 14, the widthof the original fin 106 remains substantially the same as beforetrimming.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the electronic device structure 1500including a portion 1506 that is similar to the electronic devicestructure 1403 depicted in FIG. 14, after depositing a gate electrode1505 on a gate dielectric layer (not shown) on the trimmed replacementfins, such as trimmed replacement fin 1401 and on the original nativefins, such as original native fin 106, and forming source/drain regions1501, 1502, 1503 and 1504 at opposite sides of the gate structureaccording to one embodiment.

In one embodiment, electronic device structure 1500 is a non-planartransistor structure (e.g., a tri-gate transistor, all around gatetransistor, or other non-planar transistor structure), where each of thetrimmed replacement fins is configured for a non-planar transistor p-MOStransistor, and each of the original native fins is configured for anon-planar transistor n-MOS transistor, or vice versa. In oneembodiment, each of the trimmed replacement fins and original nativefins has three sides configured for a tri-gate transistor. In anotherembodiment, each of the trimmed replacement fins and original nativefins includes a nanowire of the replacement material for a nanowiretransistor. In yet another embodiment, each of the trimmed replacementfins and original native fins includes a nanoribbon of the replacementmaterial for a nanoribbon transistor.

In one embodiment, gate electrode 1505 is represented by one of the gateelectrodes described above. In one embodiment, the gate dielectric layerunderneath the gate electrode is represented by one of the gatedielectric layers described above.

A source region 1501 and a drain region 1502 are formed on the originalnative fin 106, and a source region 1503 and a drain region 1504 areformed on the trimmed replacement fin 1401 at opposite sides of gateelectrode 1502, as shown in FIG. 15. In an embodiment, the source/drainregions 1501, 1502, 1503 and 1504 represents the source/drain regionsdescribed above.

In one embodiment, all original channel materials are replaced withsuitable replacement materials, as described in further detail below.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the electronic device structure 1600including a portion 1601 that is similar to the electronic devicestructure 1100 depicted in FIG. 11, after removing the non-planarportions of the replacement fin layer 1113 according to one embodiment.In one embodiment, the non-planar portions of the replacement fin layer1113 are removed to even out the top surfaces of the replacement fin1113 and the original native fin 106 with the top surface of theinsulating layer 111, as described above. As shown in FIG. 16, the widthof the replacement fin 1113 is greater than the width of the recessednative fin 1112 so that a step is formed at the interface between thereplacement fin and the recessed native fin, as described above. Afterthe first replacement fin layer deposition on the recessed first set offins and planarization, a second set of fins are recessed and a secondreplacement fin layer is deposited on the recessed second set of fins.

FIG. 17 is a view 1700 similar to FIG. 16, after other set of nativefins that includes native fin 106 are recessed to form trenches and areplacement fin layer is deposited onto the recessed native fins in thetrenches according to one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 17, native fin106 is recessed to form a recessed fin 1702 in a trench 1704, while aprotection layer 1701 is deposited on the replacement fin 1113.Replacement fin layer 1703 represents one of the replacement fin layersdescribed above. The protection layer 1701 is used to protect thereplacement fin 1113 on recessed native fin 1112 while the native fin106 is recessed to form trench 1704 in insulating layer 111 andreplacement fin layer 1703 is deposited on the recessed native fin 1702.In one embodiment, protection layer 1701 represents one of theprotection layers described above. In one embodiment, the replacementfin 1113 is a germanium (Ge) fin, a silicon germanium (SiGe) fin, agermanium tin fin, or any combination thereof to form a and thereplacement fin 1703 is a III-V material fin, or vise versa. In onenon-limiting example embodiment, a SiGe replacement fin is used for ap-channel transistor and an InAs replacement fin is used for a n-channeltransistor. In one embodiment, the order of replacement materialdeposition for p or n channel is determined based on at least in part onthermal budget considerations.

As shown in FIG. 17, the width of the replacement fin 1703 is greaterthan the width of the recessed native fin 1702 so that a step is formedat the interface between the replacement fin and the recessed nativefin, as described above.

FIG. 18 is a view 1800 similar to FIG. 17, after trimming thereplacement fins 1113 and 1113 in the lateral dimension, depositing agate electrode 1801 on a gate dielectric (not shown) on the trimmedreplacement fins, and forming source/drain regions at opposite sides ofthe gate structure according to one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 18, thewidth of each of the trimmed replacement fins 1113 and 1703 is smallerthan or equal to the width of the underlying recessed native fin, asdescribed above. In one embodiment, the first set of replacement finsincluding replacement fin 1113 are trimmed laterally while a protectionlayer, such as one of the protection layers described above is depositedon the second set of replacement fins including replacement fin 1703,and vice versa. In one embodiment, the replacement fins for a p channelare trimmed before trimming the replacement fins for a n channel, orvice versa depending on design considerations. In another embodiment,the first and second sets of replacement fins are trimmed are trimmed atthe same time.

In one embodiment, electronic device structure 1800 is a non-planartransistor structure (e.g., a tri-gate transistor, all around gatetransistor, or other non-planar transistor structure), where each of thetrimmed replacement fins of the first set is configured for a non-planartransistor p-MOS transistor, and each of the trimmed replacement fins ofthe second set is configured for a non-planar transistor n-MOStransistor, or vice versa. In one embodiment, each of the trimmedreplacement fins of the first and second sets has three sides configuredfor a tri-gate transistor. In another embodiment, each of the trimmedreplacement fins of the first set includes a nanowire of a replacementmaterial for a p-type nanowire transistor, and each of the trimmedreplacement fins of the second set includes a nanowire of a replacementmaterial for a n-type nanowire transistor, or vice versa. In yet anotherembodiment, each of the trimmed replacement fins of the first setincludes a nanoribbon of the replacement material for a p-typenanoribbon transistor, and each of the trimmed replacement fins of thesecond set includes a nanoribbon of the replacement material for an-type nanoribbon transistor, or vice versa. In one embodiment, gateelectrode 1801 is represented by one of the gate electrodes describedabove. In one embodiment, the gate dielectric underneath the gateelectrode 1801 is represented by one of the gate dielectrics describedabove.

A source region 1802 and a drain region 1803 are formed on thereplacement native fin 1702, and a source region 1805 and a drain region1804 are formed on the trimmed replacement fin 1113 at opposite sides ofgate electrode structure 11801, as shown in FIG. 18. In an embodiment,the source/drain regions 1802, 1803, 1804, and 1805 are represented bythe source/drain regions described above.

FIG. 19 illustrates an interposer 1900 according to one embodiment. Theinterposer 1900 is an intervening substrate used to bridge a firstsubstrate 1902 to a second substrate 1904. The first substrate 1902 maybe, for instance, an integrated circuit die. The second substrate 1904may be, for instance, a memory module, a computer motherboard, oranother integrated circuit die. Generally, the purpose of an interposer1900 is to spread a connection to a wider pitch or to reroute aconnection to a different connection. For example, an interposer 1900may couple an integrated circuit die to a ball grid array (BGA) 1906that can subsequently be coupled to the second substrate 1904. In someembodiments, the first and second substrates 1902/1904 are attached toopposing sides of the interposer 1900. In other embodiments, the firstand second substrates 1902/1904 are attached to the same side of theinterposer 1900. And in further embodiments, three or more substratesare interconnected by way of the interposer 1900.

The interposer 1900 may be formed of an epoxy resin, afiberglass-reinforced epoxy resin, a ceramic material, or a polymermaterial such as polyimide. In further implementations, the interposermay be formed of alternate rigid or flexible materials that may includethe same materials described above for use in a semiconductor substrate,such as silicon, germanium, and other group III-V and group IVmaterials.

The interposer may include metal interconnects 1908, vias 1910,including but not limited to through-silicon vias (TSVs) 1912. Theinterposer 1900 may further include embedded devices 1914, includingpassive and active devices. Such devices include, but are not limitedto, the fin based transistors or other fin based devices as describedabove, capacitors, decoupling capacitors, resistors, inductors, fuses,diodes, transformers, sensors, and electrostatic discharge (ESD)devices, radio-frequency (RF) devices, power amplifiers, powermanagement devices, antennas, arrays, sensors and MEMS devices. Inaccordance with embodiments of the invention, apparatuses or processesdisclosed herein may be used in the fabrication of interposer 1900.

FIG. 20 illustrates a computing device 2000 in accordance with oneembodiment. The computing device 2000 houses a board 2002. The board2002 may include a number of components, including but not limited to aprocessor 2004 and at least one communication chip 2008. The processor2004 is physically and electrically coupled to the board 2002. In someimplementations at least one communication chip is also physically andelectrically coupled to the board 2002. In further implementations, atleast one communication chip 2008 is part of the processor 2004.

Depending on its application, computing device 2000 may include othercomponents that may or may not be physically and electrically coupled tothe board 2002. These other components include, but are not limited to,a memory, such as an on-die memory 2006, a volatile memory 2010 (e.g., aDRAM), a non-volatile memory 2012 (e.g., ROM), a flash memory, agraphics processor 2014, a digital signal processor 2016, a cryptoprocessor (not shown), a chipset 2020, an antenna 2022, a display, e.g.,a touchscreen display 2024, a display controller, e.g., a touchscreencontroller 2026, a battery 2028, an audio codec (not shown), a videocodec (not shown), an amplifier, e.g., a power amplifier, a globalpositioning system (GPS) device 2044, a compass, an accelerometer (notshown), a gyroscope (not shown), a speaker 2034, a camera 2036, and amass storage device 2040 (such as hard disk drive, compact disk (CD),digital versatile disk (DVD), and so forth).

A communication chip, e.g., communication chip 2008, enables wirelesscommunications for the transfer of data to and from the computing device2000. The term “wireless” and its derivatives may be used to describecircuits, devices, systems, methods, techniques, communicationschannels, etc., that may communicate data through the use of modulatedelectromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. The term does notimply that the associated devices do not contain any wires, although insome embodiments they might not. The communication chip 2008 mayimplement any of a number of wireless standards or protocols, includingbut not limited to Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11 family), WiMAX (IEEE 802.16family), IEEE 802.20, long term evolution (LTE), Ev-DO, HSPA+, HSDPA+,HSUPA+, EDGE, GSM, GPRS, CDMA, TDMA, DECT, Bluetooth, derivativesthereof, as well as any other wireless protocols that are designated as3G, 4G, 5G, and beyond. The computing device 2000 may include aplurality of communication chips. For instance, a communication chip2008 may be dedicated to shorter range wireless communications such asWi-Fi and Bluetooth and other communication chip may be dedicated tolonger range wireless communications such as GPS, EDGE, GPRS, CDMA,WiMAX, LTE, Ev-DO, and others.

In at least some embodiments, the processor 2004 of the computing device2000 includes an integrated circuit die having fin based devices thathave the replacement fins with the adjusted geometry, as describedherein. The integrated circuit die of the processor includes one or moredevices, such as fin based transistors or metal interconnects asdescribed herein. The term “processor” may refer to any device orportion of a device that processes electronic data from registers and/ormemory to transform that electronic data into other electronic data thatmay be stored in registers and/or memory. The communication chip 2008also includes an integrated circuit die having the geometry tuned finbased devices on a silicon wafer according to the embodiments describedherein.

In further implementations, another component housed within thecomputing device 2000 may contain an integrated circuit die having thegeometry tuned fin based devices on a silicon wafer according toembodiments described herein.

In accordance with one implementation, the integrated circuit die of thecommunication chip includes one or more devices, such as transistors andmetal interconnects, as described herein. In various implementations,the computing device 2000 may be a laptop, a netbook, a notebook, anultrabook, a smartphone, a tablet, a personal digital assistant (PDA),an ultra mobile PC, a mobile phone, a desktop computer, a server, aprinter, a scanner, a monitor, a set-top box, an entertainment controlunit, a digital camera, a portable music player, or a digital videorecorder. In further implementations, the computing device 2000 may beany other electronic device that processes data.

The following examples pertain to further embodiments:

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming a firsttrench in an insulating layer to expose a native fin on a substrate;depositing a replacement fin on the native fin in the trench; andtrimming the replacement fin laterally using a first chemistry.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming a firsttrench in an insulating layer to expose a native fin on a substrate;depositing a replacement fin on the native fin in the trench; andtrimming the replacement fin laterally using a first chemistry, whereintrimming comprises adjusting the width of the replacement fin based onthe width of the native fin.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming a firsttrench in an insulating layer to expose a native fin on a substrate;depositing a replacement fin on the native fin in the trench; andtrimming the replacement fin laterally using a first chemistry, whereinthe replacement fin is trimmed laterally using an isotropic etch.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming a firsttrench in an insulating layer to expose a native fin on a substrate;depositing a replacement fin on the native fin in the trench; andtrimming the replacement fin laterally using a first chemistry, whereinthe replacement fin is trimmed laterally using a plasma etch at a sourcepower less than 2000 W.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming a firsttrench in an insulating layer to expose a native fin on a substrate;depositing a replacement fin on the native fin in the trench; andtrimming the replacement fin laterally using a first chemistry, whereinthe replacement fin is trimmed laterally using a remote plasma source.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming a firsttrench in an insulating layer to expose a native fin on a substrate;depositing a replacement fin on the native fin in the trench; andtrimming the replacement fin laterally using a first chemistry, whereinthe first chemistry comprises fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or anycombination thereof.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming a firsttrench in an insulating layer to expose a native fin on a substrate;depositing a replacement fin on the native fin in the trench; andtrimming the replacement fin laterally using a first chemistry, whereinthe first chemistry comprises an ammonium hydroxide and water, wherein aratio of water to the ammonium hydroxide is at least 1000:1.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises etching a firsttrench in the substrate to form a native fin; depositing an insulatinglayer into the first trench; forming a second trench in the insulatinglayer to expose the native fin; recessing the native fin; depositing areplacement fin on the recessed native fin in the second trench; andtrimming the replacement fin laterally using a first chemistry.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises etching a firsttrench in the substrate to form a native fin; depositing an insulatinglayer into the first trench; forming a second trench in the insulatinglayer to expose the native fin; recessing the native fin; depositing areplacement fin on the recessed native fin in the second trench; andtrimming the replacement fin laterally using a first chemistry, whereinthe native fin is recessed to provide a non-faceted and a non-iondamaged interface with the replacement fin.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises etching a firsttrench in the substrate to form a native fin; depositing an insulatinglayer into the first trench; forming a second trench in the insulatinglayer to expose the native fin; recessing the native fin; depositing areplacement fin on the recessed native fin in the second trench; andtrimming the replacement fin laterally using a first chemistry, whereinthe concentration of the ammonium hydroxide in the water is not greaterthan 1%.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises etching a firsttrench in the substrate to form a native fin; depositing an insulatinglayer into the first trench; forming a second trench in the insulatinglayer to expose the native fin; recessing the native fin; depositing areplacement fin on the recessed native fin in the second trench; andtrimming the replacement fin laterally using a first chemistry, whereinthe native fin is recessed using a plasma etch at a plasma source powernot greater than 1 kW.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming a firsttrench in an insulating layer to expose a native fin on a substrate;depositing a replacement fin on the native fin in the trench; andtrimming the replacement fin laterally using a first chemistry, whereina material of the replacement fin is different from a material of thenative fin.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming a firsttrench in an insulating layer to expose a native fin on a substrate;depositing a replacement fin on the native fin in the trench; andtrimming the replacement fin laterally using a first chemistry, whereinthe replacement fin is selectively deposited on the native fin using anepitaxial growth technique.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming a firsttrench in an insulating layer to expose a native fin on a substrate;depositing a replacement fin on the native fin in the trench; andtrimming the replacement fin laterally using a first chemistry, whereinthe trimming is to reduce the replacement fin width to be narrower thanor equal to the native fin width.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming a firsttrench in an insulating layer to expose a native fin on a substrate;depositing a replacement fin on the native fin in the trench; andtrimming the replacement fin laterally using a first chemistry, whereinthe replacement fin is a germanium fin, a silicon germanium fin, agermanium tin fin, or any combination thereof.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming a firsttrench in an insulating layer to expose a native fin on a substrate;depositing a replacement fin on the native fin in the trench; andtrimming the replacement fin laterally using a first chemistry, whereinthe replacement fin is a III-V material fin.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming a firsttrench in an insulating layer to expose a native fin on a substrate;depositing a replacement fin on the native fin in the trench; andtrimming the replacement fin laterally using a first chemistry, whereinthe native fin is a silicon fin.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming a firsttrench in an insulating layer to expose a native fin on a substrate;depositing a replacement fin on the native fin in the trench; andtrimming the replacement fin laterally using a first chemistry, whereinan interface between the replacement fin and the native fin has anon-faceted morphology.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming a firsttrench in an insulating layer to expose a native fin on a substrate;depositing a replacement fin on the native fin in the trench; andtrimming the replacement fin laterally using a first chemistry, whereinthe trimmed replacement fin width is less than 5 nm.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming a firsttrench in an insulating layer to expose a native fin on a substrate;depositing a replacement fin on the native fin in the trench; andtrimming the replacement fin laterally using a first chemistry;depositing a gate structure on the trimmed replacement fin; and formingsource/drain regions at opposite sides of the gate structure.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming aplurality of native fins on a substrate, each native fin extending fromthe substrate; depositing an insulating layer on the plurality of nativefins; recessing a first set of the native fins to provide a first set oftrenches; depositing first replacement fins in the first set oftrenches; recessing the insulating layer; and trimming the firstreplacement fins laterally.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming aplurality of native fins on a substrate, each native fin extending fromthe substrate; depositing an insulating layer on the plurality of nativefins; recessing a first set of the native fins to provide a first set oftrenches; depositing a first protection layer on a second set of thefins; depositing first replacement fins in the first set of trenches;recessing the insulating layer; and trimming the first replacement finslaterally.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming aplurality of native fins on a substrate, each native fin extending fromthe substrate; depositing an insulating layer on the plurality of nativefins; recessing a first set of the native fins to provide a first set oftrenches; depositing first replacement fins in the first set oftrenches; recessing the insulating layer; trimming the first replacementfins laterally; recessing a second set of the native fins to provide asecond set of trenches; depositing second replacement fins in the secondset of trenches; and trimming the second replacement fins laterally.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming aplurality of native fins on a substrate, each native fin extending fromthe substrate; depositing an insulating layer on the plurality of nativefins; recessing a first set of the native fins to provide a first set oftrenches; depositing first replacement fins in the first set oftrenches; recessing the insulating layer; and trimming the firstreplacement fins laterally; forming a gate structure on the trimmedfirst replacement fins; and forming source/drain regions at oppositesides of the gate structure.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming aplurality of native fins on a substrate, each native fin extending fromthe substrate; depositing an insulating layer on the plurality of nativefins; recessing a first set of the native fins to provide a first set oftrenches; depositing first replacement fins in the first set oftrenches; recessing the insulating layer; and trimming the firstreplacement fins laterally, wherein trimming comprises adjusting thewidth of the replacement fins based on the width of the native fins.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming aplurality of native fins on a substrate, each native fin extending fromthe substrate; depositing an insulating layer on the plurality of nativefins; recessing a first set of the native fins to provide a first set oftrenches; depositing first replacement fins in the first set oftrenches; recessing the insulating layer; and trimming the firstreplacement fins laterally, wherein the first replacement fins aretrimmed laterally using an isotropic etch.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming aplurality of native fins on a substrate, each native fin extending fromthe substrate; depositing an insulating layer on the plurality of nativefins; recessing a first set of the native fins to provide a first set oftrenches; depositing first replacement fins in the first set oftrenches; recessing the insulating layer; and trimming the firstreplacement fins laterally, wherein the first replacement fins aretrimmed laterally using a plasma etch at a source power less than 2000W.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming aplurality of native fins on a substrate, each native fin extending fromthe substrate; depositing an insulating layer on the plurality of nativefins; recessing a first set of the native fins to provide a first set oftrenches; depositing first replacement fins in the first set oftrenches; recessing the insulating layer; and trimming the firstreplacement fins laterally, wherein the first replacement fins aretrimmed laterally using a remote plasma source.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming aplurality of native fins on a substrate, each native fin extending fromthe substrate; depositing an insulating layer on the plurality of nativefins; recessing a first set of the native fins to provide a first set oftrenches; depositing first replacement fins in the first set oftrenches; recessing the insulating layer; and trimming the firstreplacement fins laterally, wherein at least one of the firstreplacement fins is a germanium fin, a silicon germanium fin, agermanium tin fin, or any combination thereof.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming aplurality of native fins on a substrate, each native fin extending fromthe substrate; depositing an insulating layer on the plurality of nativefins; recessing a first set of the native fins to provide a first set oftrenches; depositing first replacement fins in the first set oftrenches; recessing the insulating layer; and trimming the firstreplacement fins laterally, wherein at least one of the firstreplacement fins is a III-V material fin.

A method to manufacture an electronic device comprises forming aplurality of native fins on a substrate, each native fin extending fromthe substrate; depositing an insulating layer on the plurality of nativefins; recessing a first set of the native fins to provide a first set oftrenches; depositing first replacement fins in the first set oftrenches; recessing the insulating layer; and trimming the firstreplacement fins laterally, wherein at least one of the native fins is asilicon fin.

An electronic device comprises a first trench in an insulating layerthat exposes a native fin on a substrate; a replacement fin on thenative fin in the trench, wherein the width of the replacement fin isnarrower or equal to the width of the native fin.

An electronic device comprises a first trench in an insulating layerthat exposes a native fin on a substrate; a replacement fin on thenative fin in the trench, wherein the width of the replacement fin isnarrower or equal to the width of the native fin, wherein an interfacebetween the native fin and the replacement fin is substantiallynon-faceted.

An electronic device comprises a first trench in an insulating layerthat exposes a native fin on a substrate; a replacement fin on thenative fin in the trench, wherein the width of the replacement fin isnarrower or equal to the width of the native fin, wherein an interfacebetween the native fin and the replacement fin is substantially non-iondamaged.

An electronic device comprises a first trench in an insulating layerthat exposes a native fin on a substrate; a replacement fin on thenative fin in the trench, wherein the width of the replacement fin isnarrower or equal to the width of the native fin, wherein a material ofthe replacement fin is different from a material of the native fin.

An electronic device comprises a first trench in an insulating layerthat exposes a native fin on a substrate; a replacement fin on thenative fin in the trench, wherein the width of the replacement fin isnarrower or equal to the width of the native fin, wherein thereplacement fin is a single crystal fin.

An electronic device comprises a first trench in an insulating layerthat exposes a native fin on a substrate; a replacement fin on thenative fin in the trench, wherein the width of the replacement fin isnarrower or equal to the width of the native fin, wherein thereplacement fin is a germanium fin, a silicon germanium fin, a germaniumtin fin, or any combination thereof.

An electronic device comprises a first trench in an insulating layerthat exposes a native fin on a substrate; a replacement fin on thenative fin in the trench, wherein the width of the replacement fin isnarrower or equal to the width of the native fin, wherein thereplacement fin is a III-V material fin.

An electronic device comprises a first trench in an insulating layerthat exposes a native fin on a substrate; a replacement fin on thenative fin in the trench, wherein the width of the replacement fin isnarrower or equal to the width of the native fin, wherein the native finis a silicon fin.

An electronic device comprises a first trench in an insulating layerthat exposes a native fin on a substrate; a replacement fin on thenative fin in the trench, wherein the width of the replacement fin isnarrower or equal to the width of the native fin, wherein the width ofthe replacement fin is less than 5 nm.

An electronic device comprises a first trench in an insulating layerthat exposes a native fin on a substrate; a replacement fin on thenative fin in the trench, wherein the width of the replacement fin isnarrower or equal to the width of the native fin; a gate structure onthe replacement fin; and source/drain regions at opposite sides of thegate structure.

An electronic device comprises a plurality of native fins on asubstrate, each native fin extending from the substrate; an insulatinglayer on the plurality of native fins, wherein a first set of the nativefins are recessed to provide a first set of trenches; first replacementfins on the first set of the native fins in the first set of trenches,wherein each first replacement fin has a width that is not greater thana width of the underlying native fin.

An electronic device comprises a plurality of native fins on asubstrate, each native fin extending from the substrate; an insulatinglayer on the plurality of native fins, wherein a first set of the nativefins are recessed to provide a first set of trenches; first replacementfins on the first set of the native fins in the first set of trenches,wherein each first replacement fin has a width that is not greater thana width of the underlying native fin; a second set of the native finsthat are recessed to provide a second set of trenches; secondreplacement fins in the second set of trenches, wherein each secondreplacement fin has a width that is not greater than a width of theunderlying native fin.

An electronic device comprises a plurality of native fins on asubstrate, each native fin extending from the substrate; an insulatinglayer on the plurality of native fins, wherein a first set of the nativefins are recessed to provide a first set of trenches; first replacementfins on the first set of the native fins in the first set of trenches,wherein each first replacement fin has a width that is not greater thana width of the underlying native fin; a gate structure on the firstreplacement fins; and source/drain regions at opposite sides of the gatestructure.

An electronic device comprises a plurality of native fins on asubstrate, each native fin extending from the substrate; an insulatinglayer on the plurality of native fins, wherein a first set of the nativefins are recessed to provide a first set of trenches; first replacementfins on the first set of the native fins in the first set of trenches,wherein each first replacement fin has a width that is not greater thana width of the underlying native fin, wherein at least one of the firstreplacement fins is a germanium fin, a silicon germanium fin, agermanium tin fin, or any combination thereof.

An electronic device comprises a plurality of native fins on asubstrate, each native fin extending from the substrate; an insulatinglayer on the plurality of native fins, wherein a first set of the nativefins are recessed to provide a first set of trenches; first replacementfins on the first set of the native fins in the first set of trenches,wherein each first replacement fin has a width that is not greater thana width of the underlying native fin, wherein at least one of the firstreplacement fins is a III-V material fin.

An electronic device comprises a plurality of native fins on asubstrate, each native fin extending from the substrate; an insulatinglayer on the plurality of native fins, wherein a first set of the nativefins are recessed to provide a first set of trenches; first replacementfins on the first set of the native fins in the first set of trenches,wherein each first replacement fin has a width that is not greater thana width of the underlying native fin, wherein at least one of the nativefins is a silicon fin.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method to manufacture an electronic devicecomprising: forming a first trench in an insulating layer to expose anative fin on a substrate; depositing a replacement fin on the nativefin in the trench; and trimming the replacement fin laterally using afirst chemistry.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein trimming comprisesadjusting the width of the replacement fin based on the width of thenative fin.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the replacement fin istrimmed laterally using an isotropic etch.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein the first chemistry comprises fluorine, chlorine, bromine, orany combination thereof.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the firstchemistry comprises an ammonium hydroxide and water, wherein a ratio ofwater to the ammonium hydroxide is at least 1000:1.
 6. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising etching a second trench in the substrate toform the native fin; depositing the insulating layer into the secondtrench; and recessing the native fin to deposit the replacement fin. 7.The method of claim 1, wherein the trimming is to reduce the replacementfin width to be narrower than or equal to the native fin width.
 8. Amethod to manufacture an electronic device comprising: forming aplurality of native fins on a substrate, each native fin extending fromthe substrate; depositing an insulating layer on the plurality of nativefins; recessing a first set of the native fins to provide a first set oftrenches; depositing first replacement fins in the first set oftrenches; recessing the insulating layer; and trimming the firstreplacement fins laterally.
 9. The method of claim 8, further comprisingdepositing a first protection layer on a second set of the fins.
 10. Themethod of claim 8, further comprising recessing a second set of thenative fins to provide a second set of trenches; depositing secondreplacement fins in the second set of trenches; and trimming the secondreplacement fins laterally.
 11. The method of claim 8 wherein trimmingcomprises adjusting the width of the replacement fins based on the widthof the native fins.
 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the firstreplacement fins are trimmed laterally using an isotropic etch.
 13. Themethod of claim 8, wherein the first replacement fins are trimmedlaterally using at least one of a plasma etch at a source power lessthan 2000 W, or a remote plasma source.
 14. The method of claim 8,wherein at least one of the first replacement fins is a germanium fin, asilicon germanium fin, a germanium tin fin, a III-V material fin, or anycombination thereof.
 15. An electronic device, comprising: a firsttrench in an insulating layer that exposes a native fin on a substrate;a replacement fin on the native fin in the trench, wherein the width ofthe replacement fin is narrower or equal to the width of the native fin.16. The electronic device of claim 15, wherein an interface between thenative fin and the replacement fin is substantially flat.
 17. Theelectronic device of claim 15, wherein the replacement fin is agermanium fin, a silicon germanium fin, a germanium tin fin, a III-Vmaterial fin, or any combination thereof.
 18. The electronic device ofclaim 15, wherein the native fin is a silicon fin.
 19. The electronicdevice of claim 15, wherein the width of the replacement fin is lessthan 5 nm.
 20. The electronic device of claim 15, further comprising agate structure on the replacement fin; and source/drain regions atopposite sides of the gate structure.